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docs/rack-planner/data-model.md

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+# Data Model
+
+## Design principles
+
+- components are metadata-driven
+- placement data is separate from catalog data
+- plugin-imported components must behave like built-in components
+- cable links are first-class entities
+
+## Core entities
+
+### RackTemplate
+
+Describes a rack type that can be instantiated in projects.
+
+Suggested fields:
+
+- `id`
+- `name`
+- `rack_standard` as `10_inch` or `19_inch`
+- `total_u`
+- `usable_depth_mm`
+- `max_weight_kg`
+- `mounting_style`
+
+### Project
+
+- `id`
+- `name`
+- `owner_id`
+- `created_at`
+- `updated_at`
+- `status`
+
+### RackInstance
+
+- `id`
+- `project_id`
+- `rack_template_id`
+- `label`
+- `position_index`
+
+### ComponentDefinition
+
+Catalog entry for a reusable part.
+
+- `id`
+- `source_type` as `builtin` or `plugin`
+- `plugin_id`
+- `manufacturer`
+- `part_number`
+- `name`
+- `category`
+- `rack_standard`
+- `height_u`
+- `width_mm`
+- `depth_mm`
+- `weight_kg`
+- `power_w`
+- `price_net`
+- `currency`
+- `front_svg_asset_id`
+- `preview_3d_asset_id`
+
+### ComponentInstance
+
+Placed component inside a rack.
+
+- `id`
+- `project_id`
+- `rack_instance_id`
+- `component_definition_id`
+- `start_u`
+- `orientation`
+- `notes`
+
+### PortDefinition
+
+Optional port model for cable planning.
+
+- `id`
+- `component_definition_id`
+- `name`
+- `side` as `front` or `rear`
+- `offset_x_mm`
+- `offset_y_mm`
+- `offset_z_mm`
+- `port_type`
+
+### CableLink
+
+- `id`
+- `project_id`
+- `from_component_instance_id`
+- `from_port_definition_id`
+- `to_component_instance_id`
+- `to_port_definition_id`
+- `cable_type`
+- `estimated_length_mm`
+- `slack_percent`
+- `manual_override_length_mm`
+
+### PluginPack
+
+- `id`
+- `name`
+- `version`
+- `vendor`
+- `manifest_version`
+- `status`
+- `imported_at`
+
+## Validation rules
+
+- `ComponentDefinition.rack_standard` must match `RackTemplate.rack_standard`
+- `ComponentInstance.start_u` plus `height_u` must not exceed rack height
+- placed components must not overlap
+- cable links should only reference valid ports belonging to the selected components
+
+## BOM generation logic
+
+The BOM should aggregate by:
+
+- `manufacturer`
+- `part_number`
+- optional variant attributes such as color or length
+
+The BOM should be able to combine:
+
+- placed components
+- accessory parts
+- calculated cables
+
+## Future extensions
+
+- multi-rack room coordinates
+- thermal zones
+- separate front and rear accessories
+- stock and supplier integration